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Farm Work Schedule for Foreign Workers by Major Crop Rural Development Administration Farm Work Schedule for Foreign Workers by Major Crop

• Farm work schedules may vary even for the same crop, depending on cultivation timing and methods, climate, and soil conditions. Rural Development Administration Table of Contents Ⅰ. Open-Field Vegetables...................................................................................................... 4
• Red Pepper (Common Cultivation) ...........................................................................................................5
• Garlic .........................................................................................................................................................8
• Onion....................................................................................................................................................... 11 Ⅱ. Greenhouse Vegetables .................................................................................................. 14
• Strawberry (Semi-Forcing Cultivation) ...................................................................................................15
• Tomato & Cherry Tomato........................................................................................................................18
• Watermelon .............................................................................................................................................23
• Oriental Melon ...................................................................................

.....................................................26 Ⅲ. Fruit Crops ................................................................................................................... 29

• Apple .......................................................................................................................................................30
• Pear..........................................................................................................................................................33
• Grape .......................................................................................................................................................36
• Peach .......................................................................................................................................................39
• Citrus (Open-Field Cultivation) ..............................................................................................................42 Ⅰ. Open-Field Vegetables Monthly Schedule of Key Farm Works Category Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days Growth Stage (Key Farm Work) Meteorologic al Disasters and Expected Problem

Sowing

• Period: First twenty days of Feb. in southern areas and last twenty days of Feb. in central areas.
• Seed rate: 1㎗/10a

Seedling nursery

• Temperature: 22–30℃ (daytime) and 15℃ or higher (nighttime).
• Duration: 70–80 days
• Watering: About 20℃ water in the morning

Planting

• Period: From the last ten days of Apr. until the first ten days of May in southern areas and first twenty days of May in central areas. Germination Period and Seedling Nursery Growing Period Planting Hotbed Installation Sowing and Transplanting Planting Stake Installation and Training Green Pepper Harvest Red Pepper Harvest Extended Cultivation When Production and Yield Are Lower 1st Additional Fertilizer 2nd Additional Fertilizer 3rd Additional Fertilizer Severe Cold and Low Temperature Drought Rainy Season Drought Low Temperature Heavy Rain∙Typhoon Poor Seedling Nursery, Damping-off, and Delayed Planting Delayed Planting and Poor Early Growth Waterlogging and Multiple Epidemic Outbreaks Epidemic Poor Growth, Oriental Tobacco Budworm, and Severe Flower Drop∙ Fruit Drop Waterlogging, Lodging, Fruit Drop, and Difficulty in Drying Fruit Drop and Oriental Tobacco Budworm Chilling Injury and Shortened Harvesting Season Damping-off Epidemic, Anthracnose, Bacterial Wilt, Flacherie, Aphid (Virus Disease), and Oriental Tobacco Budworm Disease and Insect Pest Control Red Pepper (Common Cultivation)
• Planting distance
• Single-row cultivation: 100 cm×35–40 cm
• Double-row cultivation: 150 cm×35–40 cm
• Plastic mulching: 0.02–0.03 mm plastic film

Management

• Install stakes.
• Watering during dry periods.
• Weeding: Apply herbicide.

Fertilization (kg/10a)

Name Total Pre-plant Fertilization Additional Fertilizer 1 st 2nd 3rd Compost 2,000 2,000 · - - Nitrogen 19.0 10.2 2.8 3.2 2.8 Phosphoric Acid 11.2 11.2 · - - Potassium 15.0 9.0 1.8 1.8 2.4 Lime 150 150 · - - Cultivation Characteristics Suitable area Red pepper is adaptable to a wide range of soil conditions, with a pH of 6.1 to 7.6. However, around 6.5 (neutral) is considered optimal. Physiological characteristics

• It is a day-neutral and perennial crop of the Solanaceae family.
• It has a shallow root system that spreads laterally, making it sensitive to drought and rainy season.
• Temperature for flowering and fruiting: 15.5–28.5℃
• Each plant produces about 300–400 flowers, of which about 200 develop into fruits, and 70–130 fruits are harvestable.
• Flowering cycle: 1st · First ten days of Jul., 2nd · First ten days of Aug., and 3 rd - Middle ten days of Sep.
• The last period for flowering and fruiting that allows for harvesting red pepper: Last ten days of Aug. in central areas and first ten days of Sep. in southern areas. Measures Against Meteorological Disasters and Physiological Disorders Item Description Low temperature when growing seedlings
• Timely sowing.
• Nighttime temperatures 15℃ or higher.
• Control stem rot.
• Install preliminary seed beds. Drought
• Watering
• Install movable sprinklers.
• Install drip irrigation systems.
• Cultivation with plastic mulching. Rainy season
• Ditch maintenance and no excessive additional fertilizer.
• Integrated control of disease and insect pest.
• Application of germicides at 7–10 day intervals.
• Crop rotation and an increase in compost use. Heavy rain and/or typhoon
• Stake reinforcement.
• Upright support for lodged plants.
• Foliar application of fertilizer and thorough drainage.
• Use of hot-air dryers for drying harvested red peppers. Calcium deficiency
• Dry soils or soils with high salinity cause calcium deficiency.
• Application of lime fertilizer as pre-plant fertilization: 100–120 kg/10a
• Soil moisture management and foliar application of fertilizer (0.3 % calcium chloride). Monthly Schedule of Key Farm Works Category Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days Growth Stage (Key Farm Work) Meteorologica l Disasters and Expected Problem

Sowing

• Period
• Last twenty days of Oct. in central areas
• From the first ten days of Sep. until the first ten days of Oct. in southern areas
• Clove preparation: 60–80 bunches of garlic, each containing 100 cloves/10a (200–220 kg)
• Clove disinfection: Soak in disinfectant for 30 minutes to 1 hour → Sowing after air curing
• Sowing distance
• 15–20 cm between furrows
• 10–12 cm between cloves

Management

• Mulching with straw: Last twenty days of Nov.
• Removal of defective cloves: Immediately upon emergence
• Watering during drought
• Weeding: Use of herbicide Germination Period Wintering Period Floral Axis Elongation Period Bulb Enlargement Stage Ditch Maintenance Mulching with Straw and Plastic Film Leaf Elongation Period of Southern-type Garlic Seed Bulb Disinfection Sowing Leaf Emergence Stage of Cool-type Garlic and Clove Differentiation Stage of Southern-type Garlic Removal of Defective Cloves Harvest (Southern- type Garlic) Harvest Cool-type Garlic) Removing Straw And 1st & 2nd Additional Fertilizer (Southern-type Garlic) 2nd Additional Fertilizer (Cool-type Garlic) Drought Low Temperature Severe Cold Low Temperature Frequent Rain Drought Rainy Season Poor Germination and Poor Early Growth Poor Early Growth Freezing Damage Poor Growth Waterlogging and Widespread Damage by Disease Poor Stem Enlargement, Leaf Tip Drying and Dieback, Fungus Gnat Delayed Harvest and Bulb Cracking Bulb Mite Fungus Gnat Leaf Blight, Rust, and Black Rot Flacherie Disease and Insect Pest Control Garlic

Fertilization (kg/10a)

Name Total Pre-plant Fertilization Additional Fertilizer 1st 2 nd Compost 2,000 2,000 · - Urea 54 20 17 17 Fused superphosphate 39 39 · - Potassium sulfate 40 14 13 13 Lime 200 200 · -

• All are for pre-plant fertilization for early cultivation.

Harvest

Early cultivation Last twenty days of Sep. Middle ten days of Apr. – middle ten days of May Middle ten days of Apr. – middle ten days of May

Measures Against Meteorological Disasters and Physiological Disorders Item Description Frequent rain in spring ㅇ Maintain ditches to prevent waterlogging.

• Harvest garlic when 1/2 to 2/3 of leaves and stems turn yellow. Cultivation Characteristics Suitable area Optimal growth in soil pH 5.5-6.0 Physiological characteristics
• Garlic cloves need 30 days or longer below 5 ℃ for differentiation.
• Growth stops at temperatures 25 ℃ or higher.
• Stem enlargement is greatly affected by day length and temperature. Long-day conditions (12 hours) promote the enlargement, and short-day conditions suppress the enlargement. Shipping Period of Each Cropping Pattern Cropping Pattern Sowing Harvesting Peak Shipping Period Shipping Period for Storage Common cultivation Last ten days of Sep. – last ten days of Oct. Last ten days of May – last ten days of Jun. First ten days of Oct. – last ten days of Nov. First ten days of Oct. – first ten days of Feb. Leaf garlic cultivation Last ten days of Aug. – first ten days of Sep. Last ten days of Dec. – first ten days of May Last ten days of Mar. – first ten days of May
• Do not apply germicide and additional fertilizer. Drought in spring
• Watering: Install mobile sprinklers.
• Control fungus gnats.
• Cover with soil or straw and apply liquid fertilizers. Rainy season
• Maintain ditches.
• Control flacherie.
• Timely harvest and post-harvest drying.
• Temporary storage under dry and ventilated conditions. Drought in autumn ㅇ Watering: Install mobile sprinklers.
• Cover with plastic film or straw. Low temperature, severe cold ㅇ For cool-type garlic with plastic film or straw mulching.
• Maintain ditches: Prevent waterlogging. Monthly Schedule of Key Farm Works Category Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days Growth Stage (Key Farm Work) Meteorologica l disaster and Expected Problem

Sowing

• Period: From the middle ten days of Aug. to the middle ten days of Sep.
• Seedling tray size: 50㎡/10a
• Seed quantity: 4–6㎗/10a
• Damping-off control: Before sowing

Seedling Tray Management

• Covering with shading nets: Remove after germination
• Watering: Frequently as needed
• Thinning: 1–2 times Sowing Planting Rooting Wintering Period Elongation Period for Leaves and Stems Stem Enlargement Period Sowing and Seedling Tray Management Planting Ditch Maintenance Drainage 1st Additional Fertilizer 2nd Additional Fertilizer Disease and Insect Pest Control and Watering Harvest Drought Low Temperature Low Temperature Drought Rainy season Frequent Rain Severe Cold Poor Germination, Poor Growth of Seedling, And Delayed Planting Poor Early Growth Freezing Damage Poor Growth Waterlogging and Multiple Disease Outbreaks Poor Stem Enlargement, Leaf Tip Drying and Dieback, and Fungus Gnat Delayed Harvest and Multiple Diseases Sclerotinia Rot, Fungus Gnat, Onion Thrips Downy Mildew, Gray Mold, Bacterial Disease, and Fungus Gnat Black Rot (Seed Harvesting Cultivation) and Mulberry Thrips Disease and Insect Pest Control Onion

Planting

• Period: From the middle ten days of Oct. until the middle ten days of Nov.
• Planting distance
• 15–20 cm between furrows
• 10–15 cm between plants

Field Management

• Herbicide application: Before planting
• Light tillage: 1–2 times
• Watering: After planting and during stem enlargement

Harvest

• Suitable harvest timing
• For shipping: When 70–80% stems are lodged.
• For storage: When 100% stems are lodged.
• Harvest: Dry for 1–2 days on a sunny day

Fertilization (kg/10a)

Name Total Pre-plant Fertilization Additional Fertilizer 1st 2nd Compost 2,000 2,000 · - Nitrogen 24 8 8 8 Phosphoric acid 7.7 7.7 · - Potassium 15.4 5.8 4.8 4.8 Lime 200 200 · - Cultivation Characteristics Suitable area Optimal growth in soil pH 6.3–7.3 Physiological characteristics

• Onion seeds germinate well in a dark condition without light.
• Growth stops and dormancy occurs at temperatures 25 °C or higher.
• Onion stem enlargement requires a certain duration of day length. Early maturing varieties need 11.5–13 hours, and medium and late maturing varieties need 13– 14.3 hours. Shipping Period of Each Cropping Pattern Cropping Pattern Sowing Planting Harvesting Peak Shipping Period Shipping Period for Storage Common Cultivation Middle ten days of Aug. – middle ten days of Sep. Middle ten days of Oct. – middle ten days of Nov. First ten days of Apr. – middle ten days of Jun. First ten days of Jun. – first ten days of Jul. First ten days of Oct. – first ten days of Feb. Spring sowing in high land First twenty days of Mar. Last ten days of Apr. – first ten days of May Aug. – Sep. Sep. – Oct. - Tunnel culture First twenty days of Sep. Middle ten days of Oct. – middle ten days of Nov. Last ten days of Apr. – first ten days of May · - Set culture Nov., Feb., and Mar. Middle ten days of Sep. – middle ten days of Oct. Mar. – Apr. · - Measures Against Meteorological Disasters and Physiological Disorders Item Description Low temperature and severe cold
• Cover with straw and plastic film.
• Maintain ditches, prevent waterlogging, and control downy mildew. Drought
• Watering: Install sprinklers.
• Scatter soil over plastic film to reduce evaporation.
• Control onion thrips. Rainy season ㅇ Maintain ditches, prevent waterlogging, and apply germicide.
• Timely harvest and thorough post-harvest drying Floral axis elongation and division
• Select varieties with low tendency for floral axis elongation and division.
• Timely sowing and planting, and reasonable fertilization frequency Bulb cracking and deformed bulb
• Avoid sudden changes in soil moisture. Do not apply late additional fertilizer.
• Maintain proper planting distance. Thoroughly prepare field soil. Rotten bulb ㅇ Thoroughly select and remove diseased bulbs and bulbs with floral axis elongation before storage. Ⅱ. Greenhouse Vegetables Monthly Schedule of Key Farm Works Category Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days First Ten Days Middle Ten Days Last Ten Days Growth Stage (Key Farm Work) Meteorologica l Disasters and Expected Problem

Planting Mother Plants

• Select healthy disease-free seedlings (without virus, wilt disease, anthracnose, strawberry crimp nematode, etc.).
• Period: From the first ten days of Apr. until the first ten days of May.

Growing Daughter Plants

• Secure healthy daughter plants.
• Watering during dry conditions
• Arrangement of daughter plants: 10×10 cm
• Apply additional fertilizer when daughter plants emerge.
• Nitrogen and potassium: 2 kg each
• Apply liquid fertilizer 2–3 times Planting of Mother Plant Propagation by Daughter Plant Planting Heal Insulation Harvest Unseasonable Appearance of Flower Bud (Budding) Poor Seedling and Planting Poor Seed Bed Daughter Plant Not Secured and Improper Arrangement Delayed Rooting Improperly Timed Heat Insulation Low Temperature Damage by Drought High Temperature Injury and Waterlogging Low Temperature Injury (Below 5℃) Disease and Insect Pest Control Gray Mold, Mite, Mulberry Thrips Anthracnose, Wilt Disease, Strawberry Crimp Nematode, and Beet Armyworm Powdery Mildew and Mite Strawberry (Semi-Forcing Cultivation)

Planting

• Timing: After flower bud differentiation.
• Promote rooting after planting.
• Promo